| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
Net revenue in €m | 5,076.6 | 4,337.6 | 3,509.5 | 3,213.8 | 2,936.0 |
thereof treasury result from banking and similar business in €m | 961.5 | 532.2 | 142.7 | 196.6 | 247.7 |
Operating costs (excluding depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses) in €m | −2,118.3 | −1,822.2 | −1,551.6 | −1,368.7 | −1,264.5 |
Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) in €m | 2,944.3 | 2,525.6 | 2,043.7 | 1,869.4 | 1,678.2 |
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses in €m | −418.4 | −355.6 | −293.7 | −264.3 | −226.2 |
Net profit for the period attributable to Deutsche Börse AG shareholders in €m | 1,724.0 | 1,494.4 | 1,209.7 | 1,079.9 | 1,003.9 |
Earnings per share (basic) in € | 9.35 | 8.14 | 6.59 | 5.89 | 5.47 |